Understanding Cataracts: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
What are cataracts?
Cataract is clouding of the natural lens in our eye which usually happens due to age. It causes blurred vision and can lead to blindness if left untreated.
It is the most common cause of blindness worldwide. In Singapore, cataracts affect approximately 95% of individuals aged 70 and above, and 80% of those aged 60. Conversely, among individuals aged 45 and older, over 30% experience some level of cataract development.
Why do I get cataracts?
Cataracts are primarily associated with aging. However, they can also develop in younger patients, particularly those with a family history of early-onset cataracts, high myopia, or medical conditions like diabetes. Lifestyle factors such as long-term exposure to sunlight without proper UV protection or prolonged use of steroids can accelerate cataract progression. Additionally, cataracts may develop after an eye injury or trauma.
Different types of cataracts
Identifying symptoms of cataracts
- Gradual blurring of vision with lower contrast of colours
- Glare in bright conditions or especially obvious at night
- Constant changes in spectacle prescription
How are cataracts diagnosed?
Cataracts are diagnosed through examination of the eye with a slit-lamp in the clinic. We will provide a comprehensive eye examination with dilation if possible and retinal scans to exclude other abnormalities before deciding to proceed with cataract surgery.
When is cataract surgery necessary?
Many people mistakenly believe that cataract surgery should only be performed when the cataract is ‘ripe’. With advancements in surgical techniques now, it is recommended to consider surgery earlier, as soon as blurring of vision begins to impact daily activities.
If your cataracts are in the early phase and do not significantly hinder your daily activities, you can consider postponing surgery for now. It is advisable to have your eyes checked annually and arrange for surgery once your vision is affected. This is especially important for older individuals, as aging is the most common risk factors for cataracts.
Cataract Surgery and Type of Lens Implant
How is cataract surgery performed?
It is performed as a day surgery procedure under local anaesthesia or moderate sedation. The surgery typically lasts less than 20 minutes, and you can expect rapid improvement in your vision by the following day.
A small, self-sealing incision is made at the edge of the cornea, through which a phacoemulsification probe is inserted. Using ultrasonic technology, the cataract is broken into fragments and removed. An artificial lens implant is then inserted to correct vision.
How do I determine which lens implant is right for me?
Each type of lens has its pros and cons. We will consider your lifestyle, occupational needs, and eye condition to select the most appropriate lens implant for you.
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Cataract surgery cost
What is the cataract surgery charges like?
The cost of cataract surgery depends on the suitability of the lens choice and the complexity and duration of the procedure. These factors will be discussed during the consultation, after which we will provide a full breakdown of the surgery charges for your consideration.
Can cataract surgery be claimed through Medisave and insurance?
Yes, $2,450 can be claimed from Medisave per eye. For insurance, the extent of your coverage will be dependent on your policy.
Post-operative FAQs
Can cataracts return after surgery?
Cataracts will not return after surgery. However, about 20% of people may develop a condition called posterior capsular opacification (PCO), where the capsule holding the artificial lens becomes cloudy, causing blurry vision. This can be easily treated with a quick, 10 to 15 minutes outpatient procedure called YAG laser.
How frequent do I need to come back for a review after cataract surgery?
We will need to review you the day after surgery, followed by check-ups at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months to ensure proper recovery. Pre- and post-operative visits may be claimable by insurance, depending on your policy.
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